Publicación: Reflexiones sobre la más reciente modernización de la cultura azucarera cubana. Experiencias de una autora y su teoría
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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El cierre de centrales azucareras es una estrategia conocida en los países productores de azúcar de caña. En el siglo XX Cuba transitó por varios procesos de ese tipo, explicables por cuestiones relacionadas con cambios tecnológicos y estrategias mercantiles, y a principios del año 2002 se decretó un nuevo proceso de concentración de la industria que abarcó la mitad de todas las fábricas existentes en aquel momento, un total de 70 de ellos, lo cual fue considerado el recorte más importante de todos los mencionados. En el trabajo se narra la experiencia de investigación en dos de esos centrales, situados en provincias del Occidente de la Isla, Artemisa y Matanzas, y se retoman detalles del debate social que desencadenó la medida, así como de la escasez de fuentes disponibles para estudiar los orígenes de la crisis y el impacto social alcanzado. La investigación utilizó la teoría de la historia oral, idónea para el estudio crítico de procesos socioculturales en marcha. Dicha teoría apuesta por las historias de vida y la transcripción de entrevistas profundas donde un grupo de trabajadores relata sus impresiones y valora los hechos desde su perspectiva. Otro de los aportes de interés es la reflexión sobre las transformaciones recientes de la cultura tradicional azucarera cubana.
The closure of sugar mills is a known strategy in sugar producers countries. Cuba had several transitions of that kind during xx century, most of them related to technological changes and comercial strategies. In the very beginning of xxi’s Century Cuban government decided to start a new industrial concentration process, which was the biggest one in more than a Century. The half of the existent factories were closed in 2002 and after. In this paper the author narrates the main trends in two of her fieldwork experiences in sugar mills researches, in Matanzas and Artemisa provinces. Both in the west part of the Island. She analyses some aspects about social debates generated by the decission and also about documental sources scarcity. The research, based on Oral History theory, was adressed to create oral sources with workers testimonies, which allows to explore sociocutural ongoing processes. Oral history theory validate life histories and collectif intervews where several narrators talk about their life under the new conditions. Reflections on traditionnal Cuban sugar culture are between the most important conclusions of this work.
The closure of sugar mills is a known strategy in sugar producers countries. Cuba had several transitions of that kind during xx century, most of them related to technological changes and comercial strategies. In the very beginning of xxi’s Century Cuban government decided to start a new industrial concentration process, which was the biggest one in more than a Century. The half of the existent factories were closed in 2002 and after. In this paper the author narrates the main trends in two of her fieldwork experiences in sugar mills researches, in Matanzas and Artemisa provinces. Both in the west part of the Island. She analyses some aspects about social debates generated by the decission and also about documental sources scarcity. The research, based on Oral History theory, was adressed to create oral sources with workers testimonies, which allows to explore sociocutural ongoing processes. Oral history theory validate life histories and collectif intervews where several narrators talk about their life under the new conditions. Reflections on traditionnal Cuban sugar culture are between the most important conclusions of this work.