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RESUMEN Este trabajo comienza con un repaso de ciertos trabajos que se realizaron acerca del grado de desarrollo tecnológico de las civilizaciones antiguas, tema que ha sido llamativamente postergado en las discusiones actuales sobre historia de la cultura. Nos referiremos, primero, a las investigaciones arqueológicas de notables egiptólogos cuyo eje fundamental fueron las construcciones egipcias de la primera a la cuarta dinastías. Luego, veremos similares investigaciones sobre la ciudad de Tiahuanaco cuya datación la situaría mucho antes del comienzo del imperio incaico. Finalmente, haremos un breve repaso de otras construcciones del globo sobre la cuales sigue habiendo desacuerdos en lo que a su fecha de construcción y funciones respecta. Este ajustado compendio de datos anómalos tiene por objeto problematizar la visión desarrollista y evolutiva de las civilizaciones que se sigue sosteniendo aun hoy en el campo de la historia de la cultura y la antropología. A través de la información que nos aportan estas investigaciones es posible hipotetizar que algunas civilizaciones antiguas poseyeron un grado de desarrollo técnico y científico cualitativamente superior y diferente al supuesto, desarrollo que los llevó a trabajar con mayor perfección otro tipo de materiales y a realizar empresas que hoy se juzgan imposibles. Palabras clave: prehistoria, civilización, desarrollo, tecnología, paradigma.
ABSTRACT This work starts by making a review about certain studies that have as their centre the technological development of antique civilizations; a topic which has been postponed in current discussions about the history of culture. First, we will refer to the archaeological investigations carried out by remarkably Egyptologists, whose main aim were the Egyptian constructions from the first to the fourth dynasties. Then, we will see similar research about Tiahuanaco city, which I would date much before the beginning of the Incaic Empire. Finally, we will carry out a brief review about other constructions in the world, on which there is still disagreement as regards their building date and their functions. In this brief summery, through the information contributed by those investigations, it is possible to think that some antique civilizations had some degree of technical and scientific development that was qualitatively higher than it was supposed. This development not only led them to work with higher perfection other type of materials, but also led them to conduct ventures that nowadays are judged as impossible realizations. Key words: prehistory, civilization, development, technology, paradigm.
ABSTRACT This work starts by making a review about certain studies that have as their centre the technological development of antique civilizations; a topic which has been postponed in current discussions about the history of culture. First, we will refer to the archaeological investigations carried out by remarkably Egyptologists, whose main aim were the Egyptian constructions from the first to the fourth dynasties. Then, we will see similar research about Tiahuanaco city, which I would date much before the beginning of the Incaic Empire. Finally, we will carry out a brief review about other constructions in the world, on which there is still disagreement as regards their building date and their functions. In this brief summery, through the information contributed by those investigations, it is possible to think that some antique civilizations had some degree of technical and scientific development that was qualitatively higher than it was supposed. This development not only led them to work with higher perfection other type of materials, but also led them to conduct ventures that nowadays are judged as impossible realizations. Key words: prehistory, civilization, development, technology, paradigm.