Cardiomiopatía inducida por antraciclinas en pacientes tratadas por cáncer de mama
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
Abstract
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Las antraciclinas son agentes quimioterapéuticos que se consolidaron como la “piedra angular” para múltiples combinaciones de regímenes de quimioterapia, pero a pesar de ser un tratamiento alentador cuenta con diversos efectos adversos entre los que se destacan reportes de afección cardiaca caracterizada por efectos arritmogénicos, eventos cardiacos isquémicos, miocardiopatía e insuficiencia cardiaca; esto disminuye la calidad de vida de los pacientes y en casos más severos puede llevar a cardiotoxicidad fatal. El objetivo del presente artículo es llamar la atención acerca de los posibles efectos adversos que se pueden presentar en los pacientes oncológicos con el uso de estos agentes quimioterapéuticos. Para tal propósito, se hace la descripción de dos casos clínicos de pacientes con cáncer de mama, en donde se presentó como evento adverso la cardiotoxicidad secundaria al uso de antraciclinas, resaltando así la necesidad de un manejo medico integral y multidisciplinario. Adicionalmente se revisa la literatura haciendo énfasis en los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, la presentación clínica, la detección temprana y el abordaje terapéutico de este evento adverso. (MÉD.UIS. 2012;25(3):265-72).
Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic agents that were considered the cornerstone for multiple chemotherapy regimes. Despite being an encouraging treatment, it faces several side-effects, some of the more prominent are heart condition characterized by arrhythmogenic, cardiac ischemic events, cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure; these side-effects diminish the patient´s quality of life and in more severe cases it can lead to fatal cardiotoxicity. The objective of the present article is to emphasize on the possible side-effects that oncologic patients may present when using anthracyclines as oncologic agents. For that purpose the descriptions of two patients with breast cancer are presented, where the side effect presented is cardiotoxicity secondary to the use of anthracyclines; such cases stress the need for acomplete, integral and multidisciplinary management. In addition to this, literature was revised making emphasis on pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, early detection, and the therapy for the side-effect previously mentioned. (MÉD.UIS. 2012;25(3):265-72).
Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic agents that were considered the cornerstone for multiple chemotherapy regimes. Despite being an encouraging treatment, it faces several side-effects, some of the more prominent are heart condition characterized by arrhythmogenic, cardiac ischemic events, cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure; these side-effects diminish the patient´s quality of life and in more severe cases it can lead to fatal cardiotoxicity. The objective of the present article is to emphasize on the possible side-effects that oncologic patients may present when using anthracyclines as oncologic agents. For that purpose the descriptions of two patients with breast cancer are presented, where the side effect presented is cardiotoxicity secondary to the use of anthracyclines; such cases stress the need for acomplete, integral and multidisciplinary management. In addition to this, literature was revised making emphasis on pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, early detection, and the therapy for the side-effect previously mentioned. (MÉD.UIS. 2012;25(3):265-72).
Keywords
Anthracyclines, Breast Neoplasms, Cardiomyopathies, Antraciclinas, Neoplasias de la Mama, Cardiomiopatías