SÍNTESIS Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DE POLIURETANOS A PARTIR DE POLIOL-SUSPENSIONES ACEITE DE HIGUERILLA Y ALMIDÓN DE YUCA
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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Se sintetizaron materiales poliméricos, poliuretanos y sus respectivos IPNs poliuretano/poliestireno (PU/PS), a partir de polioies-suspensiones aceite de higuerilla-almidón de yuca, y metilen difenil diisocianato (MDi). La novedad se presentó en que los materiales fueron obtenidos de polioles-suspensiones derivados de una doble modificación: 1. El aceite de higuerilla inicialmente se modificó por reacción de transesterificación con peníaeritritol. 2. A los polioles obtenidos por transesterificación, se les incorporó almidón de yuca. Estos poíioi-suspensiones fueron caracterizados en índice de hidroxílo, viscosidad y gravedad especifica. Los materiales poliméricos obtenidos se caracterizaron en sus propiedades químicas (resistencia al ataque químico), físicas (módulo, esfuerzo máximo, elongación de ruptura y dureza), térmicas y morfología. Los resultados muestran que se obtuvieron materiales, a partir de ios polioies-suspensiones, con mejores propiedades, en comparación con los materiales sintetizados a partir de las rutas de modificación independientes (reacción de transesterificación e incorporación de almidón).
It was carried out a double modification of the castor oil by means of transesterification with pentaerythritol and later yucca starch incorporation, obtaining itself the denominated polyol-suspensions. These polyol-suspensions were characterized (hydroxyl value, viscosity and specific gravity) and from them, polyurethane elastomers and IPNs were synthesized; MDI (as diisocyanate) was used. The polymeric materials obtained were characterized (resistance to the tensión, hardness, chemical attack). The results show that the materials that were obtained from the polyol-suspensions have better properties, in comparison with the materials synthesized from the independent routes of modification (reaction of transesterificacion and starch incorporation).
It was carried out a double modification of the castor oil by means of transesterification with pentaerythritol and later yucca starch incorporation, obtaining itself the denominated polyol-suspensions. These polyol-suspensions were characterized (hydroxyl value, viscosity and specific gravity) and from them, polyurethane elastomers and IPNs were synthesized; MDI (as diisocyanate) was used. The polymeric materials obtained were characterized (resistance to the tensión, hardness, chemical attack). The results show that the materials that were obtained from the polyol-suspensions have better properties, in comparison with the materials synthesized from the independent routes of modification (reaction of transesterificacion and starch incorporation).
Palabras clave
Castor oil, Doubíe modification, Yucca starch, IPÑ, Poíyurethane elastomer, Aceite de higuerilla, Doble modificación, Almidón de yuca, IPN, Elastómero de poliuretano