Genetic structure, ancestry and their relationship to human health studies
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
Abstract
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La mezcla entre individuos nativos y múltiples colonos ha dejado como resultado la actual configuración de las poblaciones humanas, lo cual puede conllevar a estructura genética, fenómeno apreciable al observar diferencias en las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de las poblaciones de una región geográfica respecto a otra. El análisis de estas poblaciones se ha enfocado en la identificación y cuantificación del grado de mezcla, herramienta útil en la comprobación mediante la asociación de marcadores polimórficos involucrados en el desarrollo de enfermedades. Un obstáculo en la identificación de variantes genéticas asociadas a enfermedades, es la comparación de casos y controles procedentes de poblaciones con diferentes antecedentes genéticos. En este sentido, es importante establecer el grado de estructura genética en las poblaciones debido a la distribución diferencial de los polimorfismos asociados a una enfermedad de interés.
(MÉD.UIS.2013;26(1):37-43).
The current configuration of human populations is due to the mix of native individuals and many colonizers; it can entail genetic structure, a phenomenon appreciable to observe differences in allele and genotype frequencies of populations of a geographic region over another. This analysis has focused on the identification and quantification of the degree of mixing, useful tool for checking through association of polymorphic markers involved in the development of diseases. One obstacle in identifying genetic variants associated with diseases is the comparison of cases and controls from populations with different genetic backgrounds. In the opposite sense, it is important to establish the degree of genetic structure in populations due to the differential distribution of alleles of polymorphisms associated with a disease of interest. (MÉD.UIS.2013;26(1):37-43).
The current configuration of human populations is due to the mix of native individuals and many colonizers; it can entail genetic structure, a phenomenon appreciable to observe differences in allele and genotype frequencies of populations of a geographic region over another. This analysis has focused on the identification and quantification of the degree of mixing, useful tool for checking through association of polymorphic markers involved in the development of diseases. One obstacle in identifying genetic variants associated with diseases is the comparison of cases and controls from populations with different genetic backgrounds. In the opposite sense, it is important to establish the degree of genetic structure in populations due to the differential distribution of alleles of polymorphisms associated with a disease of interest. (MÉD.UIS.2013;26(1):37-43).
Keywords
Population genetic structure, Polymorphic markers, Disorders, Estructura genética poblacional, Marcadores polimórficos, Enfermedades