Modelos matemáticos para controladores de las bombas de cavidad progresiva
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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Las bombas de cavidad progresiva son un método de levantamiento artificial utilizado en pozos petroleros de Canadá, Colombia y Venezuela. En este método, la bomba de subsuelo está conectada hasta el motor en superficie, por medio de una varilla que la hace rotar. La eficiencia es un tema central, especialmente cuando se trata de producción de energía. Actualmente el enfoque de control para estos sistemas se basa en cambios discretos, y busca un punto de operación. En este artículo se simulan numéricamente estrategias de control continuas, incluyendo lógica difusa. Se utiliza un sensor de presión de fondo de pozo. Cuando dicho sensor no está disponible, se estima el nivel de fluido encima de la bomba por medio de la implementación de un filtro de Kalman. Para la optimización de la producción, se utiliza un regulador cuadrático lineal (LQR, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados muestran un buen desempeño al compararlo con las técnicas actuales.
Progressive Cavity Pumps (PCP) is an artificial fluid lift method widely used in oil wells of Colombia, Canada and Venezuela, where the pump is driven by a rod connected to the motor located at the surface. Efficiency in energy production is critical, and the current control techniques used are based on discrete changes, seeking for an operational point. This approach can be improved, and optimization techniques proposed are presented in this paper. Strategies of control based on continuous adjustments of motor speed and fuzzy logic together with a downhole pressure sensor are simulated for this nonlinear system. Utilization of Kalman filtering, for estimation of the fluid level in wells that are not instrumented, is proposed. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) also is used to optimize production performance. Results show good performance compared with current techniques.
Progressive Cavity Pumps (PCP) is an artificial fluid lift method widely used in oil wells of Colombia, Canada and Venezuela, where the pump is driven by a rod connected to the motor located at the surface. Efficiency in energy production is critical, and the current control techniques used are based on discrete changes, seeking for an operational point. This approach can be improved, and optimization techniques proposed are presented in this paper. Strategies of control based on continuous adjustments of motor speed and fuzzy logic together with a downhole pressure sensor are simulated for this nonlinear system. Utilization of Kalman filtering, for estimation of the fluid level in wells that are not instrumented, is proposed. Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) also is used to optimize production performance. Results show good performance compared with current techniques.
Keywords
fuzzy logic, kalman filter, linear quadratic regulator, oil production, progressive cavity pump, bomba de cavidad progresiva, filtro de kalman, lógica difusa, producción de petróleo, regulador cuadrático lineal