Diagnosis of alternative internal combustion engines through analysis of block oscillations
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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En este artículo se presenta una técnica no intrusiva, pensada para el Mantenimiento Predictivode motores de combustión interna alternativos (MelA), basada en el análisis de las oscilacionesdel bloque suponiendo el motor como un cuerpo rígido soportado por resortes elásticos. Estasconsideraciones permiten la determinación aproximada del par instantáneo del motor, utilizandoúnica y exclusivamente un acelerámetro instalado en un punto del bloque lo más alejado posibledel cigüeñal y registrando la señal temporal de varios ciclos termodinámicos. Las señal asíobtenida puede informar acerca de diferentes tipos de fallos, especialmente aquellos relativos aldiferente comportamiento entre los cilindros.
Se utilizó un sencillo modelo físico para estimar el comportamiento del motor bajo diferentescondiciones defuncionamiento. El modelo ha sido validado a través de la realización de diferentesmedidas experimentales tanto en banco de ensayos de motor como en motores en servicio. Asimismose han realizado diferentes ensayos para analizar la influencia de la posición del acelerómetro en el bloque.
El objetivo final del estudio es determinar límites de alerta y alarma de ciertos fallos en el motor,como puede ser la inyección o combustión anormal en uno o varios cilindros. Para ello se hacenecesario el análisis tanto en el dominio temporal como en el defrecuencia, diferencia importantecon el resto de técnicas utilizadas para el diagnóstico de maquinaria a través de vibraciones.
This article presents a non-intrusive technique, designed for the Predictive Maintenance of alternative internal combustion engines (MCIA), based on the analysis of the oscillations of the block assuming the motor as a rigid body supported by elastic springs.These considerations allow The approximate determination of the instantaneous torque of the motor, using only and exclusively an accelerometer installed at a point of the block as far as possible from the crankshaft and recording the time signal of several thermodynamic cycles The signals thus obtained can inform about different types of failures, Especially those related to the different behavior between the cylinders.A simple physical model was used to estimate the performance of the engine under different operating conditions. The model has been validated through the realization of different experimental measurements both in engine test bench and in engines in service. Different tests have also been carried out to analyze the influence of the accelerometer position on the block.The final objective of the study is to determine alert and alarm limits of certain failures in the engine, such as injection or abnormal combustion in one or several cylinders. For this, it is necessary to analyze both the temporal and the frequency domain, a significant difference with the other techniques used for the diagnosis of machinery through vibrations.
This article presents a non-intrusive technique, designed for the Predictive Maintenance of alternative internal combustion engines (MCIA), based on the analysis of the oscillations of the block assuming the motor as a rigid body supported by elastic springs.These considerations allow The approximate determination of the instantaneous torque of the motor, using only and exclusively an accelerometer installed at a point of the block as far as possible from the crankshaft and recording the time signal of several thermodynamic cycles The signals thus obtained can inform about different types of failures, Especially those related to the different behavior between the cylinders.A simple physical model was used to estimate the performance of the engine under different operating conditions. The model has been validated through the realization of different experimental measurements both in engine test bench and in engines in service. Different tests have also been carried out to analyze the influence of the accelerometer position on the block.The final objective of the study is to determine alert and alarm limits of certain failures in the engine, such as injection or abnormal combustion in one or several cylinders. For this, it is necessary to analyze both the temporal and the frequency domain, a significant difference with the other techniques used for the diagnosis of machinery through vibrations.
Keywords
Diagnosis, combustion, diesel engines, vibrations, Diagnóstico, combustión, motores Diesel, vibraciones