Enfoque de los factores de riesgo en lepra: un enfoque a partir de las determinantes sociales de la salud
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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Introducción: la lepra es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica, granulomatosa, transmisible aunque poco contagiosa, causada por el bacilo Mycobacterium leprae, que afecta principalmente la piel, los nervios periféricos, la mucosa de las vías respiratorias superiores, los ojos y otras estructuras. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo de la lepra, enfocado según las determinantes de salud, en las que se estudiarán la biología humana, condiciones y estilos de vida, medio ambiente, organización de los servicios de salud y la base socioeconómica. Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional descriptivo de carácter transversal, el universo del estudio estuvo constituido por los 27 casos de lepra notificados en la provincia de Pinar del Río, Cuba, de enero del 2009 hasta mayo del 2011. Para la obtención de la información se revisaron las tarjetas de declaración obligatoria y las encuestas epidemiológicas. Se utilizó como medida de resumen las frecuencias absolutas y el porcentaje. Resultados: los principales factores de riesgo que se identificaron fueron: en el elemento de la biología humana, la infección multibacilar; en el medio ambiente, el riesgo de la convivencia con pacientes con baciloscopia positiva; en la organización de la atención de salud, detección espontánea de los casos de los casos de lepra; en cuanto a los estilos de vida, la conducta individual de las migraciones, y de forma general en la base socioeconómica el 40,7% de los pacientes tenían bajo nivel escolar. (MÉD.UIS. 2012;25(3):203-8)
Introduction: leprosy is a chronic, infectious, granulomatous, transferable disease, although is not very contagious, caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae that affects the skin, the outlying nerves, the mucous membrane of the breathing superior roads, the eyes and other structures. Objective: to identify the risk factors of the leprosy focused in health determinants, in those that study the human biology, condition and lifestyles, environment, organization of the health services and the socioeconomic base. Materials and methods: observational descriptive study of traverse character, the universe of the study was constituted by the 27 cases of leprosy notified in the county of Pinar del Río, Cuba, from January of 2009 to May of 2011. To obtain the information the cards of mandatory declaration and the epidemic surveys were revised. It was used as summary measure the absolute frequencies and the percentage. Results: the main risk factors identified were: in the element of the human biology, the multibacilar infection; in the environment, the risk of the coexistence with a patient with positive baciloscopy test; in the organization of the health attention, spontaneous detection of the leprosy cases; as for the lifestyles, the individual behavior of the migrations, and in a general way in the socioeconomic base 40,7% of the patients had low school level. (MÉD.UIS. 2012;25(3):203-8).
Introduction: leprosy is a chronic, infectious, granulomatous, transferable disease, although is not very contagious, caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae that affects the skin, the outlying nerves, the mucous membrane of the breathing superior roads, the eyes and other structures. Objective: to identify the risk factors of the leprosy focused in health determinants, in those that study the human biology, condition and lifestyles, environment, organization of the health services and the socioeconomic base. Materials and methods: observational descriptive study of traverse character, the universe of the study was constituted by the 27 cases of leprosy notified in the county of Pinar del Río, Cuba, from January of 2009 to May of 2011. To obtain the information the cards of mandatory declaration and the epidemic surveys were revised. It was used as summary measure the absolute frequencies and the percentage. Results: the main risk factors identified were: in the element of the human biology, the multibacilar infection; in the environment, the risk of the coexistence with a patient with positive baciloscopy test; in the organization of the health attention, spontaneous detection of the leprosy cases; as for the lifestyles, the individual behavior of the migrations, and in a general way in the socioeconomic base 40,7% of the patients had low school level. (MÉD.UIS. 2012;25(3):203-8).
Keywords
Leprosy, Risk Factors, Strata of Health, Lepra, Factores de Riesgo, Estratos de Salud