Case discussion: mental retardation as sequel of neurometabolic disease
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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Los errores innatos del metabolismo representan un grupo paradigmático en el contexto de las enfermedades poco conocidas, aunque son más de 500 perfectamente definidas. Gracias a los avances de la biología molecular y la bioquímica, muchas de estas enfermedades no caracterizadas se han ido adicionando al grupo de errores innatos del metabolismo. El conocimiento de las bases moleculares de estas patologías, ha mejorado las posibilidades de diagnóstico prenatal y neonatal en la población a riesgo, lo que permite la posibilidad de implementar programas de manejo preventivo, así como, la aplicación del tratamiento y un consejo genético precoz. Se reporta el caso de un adolescente de 17 años con retardo mental y epilepsia mioclónica progresiva degenerativa, con hallazgos en neuroimágenes de enfermedad de sustancia blanca asociado a alteraciones metabólicas, lo cual es compatible con una impresión diagnóstica de Aciduria Glutárica tipo 1; lo cual es sustentado en el paciente, por la favorable respuesta terapéutica. Además del presente reporte, se busca analizar a través de una revisión de la literatura, el enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico que permite considerar los errores innatos del metabolismo, como aquellas patologías cada vez más comunes en la práctica médica, que precisan de un manejo multidisciplinario. (MÉD.UIS. 2014;27(1):69-74)
Inborn errors of metabolism represent a paradigmatic group in the context of little known diseases, although more than 500 well-defined. Thanks to advances in molecular biology and biochemistry, many of these diseases have been characterized not adding to the group of inborn errors of metabolism. Knowledge of the molecular basis of these diseases, enhanced the possibilities of prenatal diagnosis and neonatal risk in the population, allowing the possibility of implementing preventive management programs, as well as the implementation of early treatment and genetic counseling. The case of a 17 -year mental retardation and myoclonic epilepsy progressive degenerative with findings in neuroimaging disease white matter associated with metabolic abnormalities are reported, which is consistent with a picture of glutaric aciduria type 1, this diagnosis is supported in the patient, by the favorable therapeutic response. In addition to this report, seeks to analyze through a review of literature, the diagnostic and therapeutic approach that allows considering the inborn errors of metabolism, such as those increasingly common diseases in medical practice, which require a multidisciplinary approach. (MÉD.UIS. 2014;27(1):69-74)
Inborn errors of metabolism represent a paradigmatic group in the context of little known diseases, although more than 500 well-defined. Thanks to advances in molecular biology and biochemistry, many of these diseases have been characterized not adding to the group of inborn errors of metabolism. Knowledge of the molecular basis of these diseases, enhanced the possibilities of prenatal diagnosis and neonatal risk in the population, allowing the possibility of implementing preventive management programs, as well as the implementation of early treatment and genetic counseling. The case of a 17 -year mental retardation and myoclonic epilepsy progressive degenerative with findings in neuroimaging disease white matter associated with metabolic abnormalities are reported, which is consistent with a picture of glutaric aciduria type 1, this diagnosis is supported in the patient, by the favorable therapeutic response. In addition to this report, seeks to analyze through a review of literature, the diagnostic and therapeutic approach that allows considering the inborn errors of metabolism, such as those increasingly common diseases in medical practice, which require a multidisciplinary approach. (MÉD.UIS. 2014;27(1):69-74)
Keywords
Metabolism, Inborn Errors, Intellectual Disability, Developmental Disabilities, Epilepsy, Errores Innatos del Metabolismo, Discapacidad Intelectual, Discapacidades del Desarrollo, Epilepsia