LATINAMERICAN INTEGRATION PROJECTS DURING THE XXTH CENTURY: EXPECTATIONS ON MERCOSUR AT THE ONSET OF THE XXI CENTURYABSTRACT
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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RESUMENDesde el siglo XIX, con la formación de los Estados Nacionales en Latinoamérica, se han promovido proyectos integracionistas aún no concluidos. Actualmente se resalta la necesidad de la integración entre países en distintos aspectos: económico, político, militar, diplomático.El primer propósito del texto es analizar históricamente los proyectos de integración en América Latina y dar una mirada al concepto de “panamericanismo”, que surgió en 1890 tras la Conferencia Internacional Americana, examinando el “panamericanismo” como concepto y como política que estuvo estrechamente ligada al surgimiento de Estados Unidos como potencia mundial, y el “panamericanismo”, desde la posición latinoamericana, entendido como el esfuerzo por parte del gobierno norteamericano por controlar política y militarmente a las distintas naciones del continente para favorecer en última instancia su expansión económica (Bobbio, Matteucci y Pasquino, 2002).El propósito final es destacar los intentos de integración en el siglo XX, especialmente desde los proyectos aparecidos en la década del sesenta hasta la formación del Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur) y entrada en plena vigencia en 1994; asimismo, observar las dificultades que ha tenido históricamente la comunidad regional y analizar la experiencia del Mercosur como el más serio proceso de integración latinoamericano –vigente en los comienzos del siglo XXI– en el ámbito económico e, incluso, político.Palabras clave: latinoamérica, panamericanismo, integración, Mercosur, siglo XX.
ABSTRACTSince the XIX century, the conformation of national states in Latin America has promoted unfinished integrationist projects. Nowadays, the need for integration among countries is highlighted at the economic, political, military and diplomatic levels. The purpose of this paper is to historically analyze Latin American integration projects, discussing Pan Americanism, first as the political guideline issued by the 1890 American International Conference, which grew closely related to the emergence of the United States as a world power. Second, understanding Pan Americanism as an effort put forward by the North American government to control politics and military operations throughout the continent to eventually promote its economic expansion (Bobbio, Matteucci and Pasquino, 2002).Finally, this paper addresses integration attempts during the XXth century, especially from the 60’s up to 1994 when Mercosur – The Southern Common Market – was established. It points out the difficulties faced by the regional community, considering Mercosur as the current, most relevant Latin American integration process in both the political and economic levels.Key words: Latin America, panamericanism, integration, mercosur, twentieth century.
ABSTRACTSince the XIX century, the conformation of national states in Latin America has promoted unfinished integrationist projects. Nowadays, the need for integration among countries is highlighted at the economic, political, military and diplomatic levels. The purpose of this paper is to historically analyze Latin American integration projects, discussing Pan Americanism, first as the political guideline issued by the 1890 American International Conference, which grew closely related to the emergence of the United States as a world power. Second, understanding Pan Americanism as an effort put forward by the North American government to control politics and military operations throughout the continent to eventually promote its economic expansion (Bobbio, Matteucci and Pasquino, 2002).Finally, this paper addresses integration attempts during the XXth century, especially from the 60’s up to 1994 when Mercosur – The Southern Common Market – was established. It points out the difficulties faced by the regional community, considering Mercosur as the current, most relevant Latin American integration process in both the political and economic levels.Key words: Latin America, panamericanism, integration, mercosur, twentieth century.