El circuito agroexportador marabino a mediados del siglo XIX
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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Maracaibo, capital del Estado Zulia en la República de Venezuela, experimentó un significativo crecimiento económico en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX como efecto de la expansión y consolidación en la región occidental del país y nororiente colombiano de un circuito agroexportador de tanta importancia como los conformados en torno a la Guaira y Puerto Cabello. Su privilegiada ubicación -entre la costa caribeña y la desembocadura de la extensa cuenca del Lago de Maracaibo- la convirtió en el principal puerto regional, fundamental para dos países: Venezuela y Colombia.Entre 1830 y 1860, la producción y comercialización del café andino elevó a la Aduana de Maracaibo de un distante cuarto lugar al primero, entre las venezolanas que mayores capitales movilizaron. El análisis del Circuito agroexportador marabino revela la coexistencia histórica en Venezuela de regiones económicamente autónomas con élites comerciales y financieras locales: un país aún no integrado por un mercado nacional y débil en su unidad política.Consideraciones éstas de sumo interés para la discusión y esclarecimiento del proceso de formación del Estado Nacional, surgimiento de una clase dirigente venezolana y consolidación del territorio patrio. Palabras Claves: comercio, comerciantes, contrabando, circuito comercial, producción agropecuaria, café, puertos, transporte, comunicaciones, región histórica, inmigración extranjera. Maracaibo, Zulia, Andes, Venezuela, Santander, Nueva Granada, Colombia, Caribe, Estados Unidos de Norteamérica, Europa.
During the second half of the 19th century Maracaibo, capital city of the State of Zulia in Venezuela, showed a significant economic growth caused by the expansion and consolidation of an agro-exporting circuit in the West of Venezuela and northeastern region of Colombia comparable in importance with those established around La Guaira and Puerto Cabello. Its privileged location -between the Caribean coast and the end of the extensive basin of Lake Maracaibo- made it the principal regional port of the greatest importance for two countries: Venezuela and Colombia. Between 1830 and 1860 the production and marketing of Andian coffee raised Maracaibo's customhouse from a distant fourth place lo the first one among those that mobilised greater sums of money in Venezuela. The analysis of Maracaibo's agroexporting circuit revealed the historical coexistence in Venezuela of economically autonomous regions with local commercialand financial elites: a country not yet integrated by a home market and with a weak political unity. These considerations are of the greatest interest in the discussion and elucidation of the formation process of the national state, the emergence of a venezuelan ruling class, and the consolidation of the home territory. Key words: Commerce, merchants, smuggling, commercial circuit, agricultural production, coffee, ports, transport, communication, historical region, foreign inmigration, Maracaibo, Zulia, Andes, Venezuela, Santander, Nueva Granada, Colombia, Caribe.
During the second half of the 19th century Maracaibo, capital city of the State of Zulia in Venezuela, showed a significant economic growth caused by the expansion and consolidation of an agro-exporting circuit in the West of Venezuela and northeastern region of Colombia comparable in importance with those established around La Guaira and Puerto Cabello. Its privileged location -between the Caribean coast and the end of the extensive basin of Lake Maracaibo- made it the principal regional port of the greatest importance for two countries: Venezuela and Colombia. Between 1830 and 1860 the production and marketing of Andian coffee raised Maracaibo's customhouse from a distant fourth place lo the first one among those that mobilised greater sums of money in Venezuela. The analysis of Maracaibo's agroexporting circuit revealed the historical coexistence in Venezuela of economically autonomous regions with local commercialand financial elites: a country not yet integrated by a home market and with a weak political unity. These considerations are of the greatest interest in the discussion and elucidation of the formation process of the national state, the emergence of a venezuelan ruling class, and the consolidation of the home territory. Key words: Commerce, merchants, smuggling, commercial circuit, agricultural production, coffee, ports, transport, communication, historical region, foreign inmigration, Maracaibo, Zulia, Andes, Venezuela, Santander, Nueva Granada, Colombia, Caribe.