Effects of Biodiesel Expansion and the Exchange of Triglyceride Sources in the Brazilian Energy Scenario
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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A preocupação com os efeitos dos impactos ambientais proporcionados pelo aquecimento global tem feito a população mundial buscar novas fontes energéticas menos agressivas ao meio ambiente. Com isso, o biodiesel vem ganhando força e tem expandido sua proporção na mistura com o diesel. Contudo, o Brasil ainda utiliza cerca de 20% de sebo bovino, que emite grande quantidade de GEE, degrada o solo e apresenta grande consumo de água. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar as possibilidades e os efeitos da substituição dessa fonte não renovável por outras de origem vegetal, assim como os efeitos ambientais do aumento da porcentagem de biodiesel, chegando a patamares de 20% e 30%. Para isso, produziram-se e testaram-se dois tipos de biodieseis, com e sem sebo bovino, posteriormente foram utilizados os resultados obtidos e dados da frota a diesel para modelar, com o auxílio do modelo MoMo Lite, os impactos e emissões de CO2eq no Brasil. Conseguiu-se determinar o grande benefício da adoção de maiores teores de biodiesel no diesel, principalmente quando há a substituição do sebo bovino por fontes vegetais, além da importância da adoção de análises mais amplas de todo o ciclo de produção da matéria-prima. Esses resultados variaram apenas 10%, ao observar apenas os dados de emissão de CO2eq na queima, porém ao analisar os resultados através do well-to-tank, essa variação subiu para cerca de 52%.
The concern with global warming impacts on the environment has made the world population search for new energy sources that are less aggressive to the environment. Therefore, biodiesel has become more relevant and has expanded its proportion in the blend with diesel. However, Brazil still uses about 20% of bovine tallow, which emits large amount of GHG, degrades the soil and entails great water consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibilities and effects of the substitution of this nonrenewable source for others of vegetable origin, as well as the environmental effects of increasing the percentage of biodiesel, reaching levels of 20% and 30%. Hence, two types of biodiesel were produced and tested, with and without bovine tallow, and the results obtained and data from the diesel fleet were used to model the impacts and CO2eq emissions with the aid of the MoMo Lite model in Brazil. It was possible to determine the great benefit of adopting higher levels of biodiesel in diesel (especially when there was a substitution of bovine tallow for plant sources), besides the importance of adopting broader analysis of the whole production cycle of the raw material. Since only CO2eq emission data were observed at the burning, the results varied only 10%, but when the results were analyzed through the well-to-tank, this variation rose to 52%.
The concern with global warming impacts on the environment has made the world population search for new energy sources that are less aggressive to the environment. Therefore, biodiesel has become more relevant and has expanded its proportion in the blend with diesel. However, Brazil still uses about 20% of bovine tallow, which emits large amount of GHG, degrades the soil and entails great water consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibilities and effects of the substitution of this nonrenewable source for others of vegetable origin, as well as the environmental effects of increasing the percentage of biodiesel, reaching levels of 20% and 30%. Hence, two types of biodiesel were produced and tested, with and without bovine tallow, and the results obtained and data from the diesel fleet were used to model the impacts and CO2eq emissions with the aid of the MoMo Lite model in Brazil. It was possible to determine the great benefit of adopting higher levels of biodiesel in diesel (especially when there was a substitution of bovine tallow for plant sources), besides the importance of adopting broader analysis of the whole production cycle of the raw material. Since only CO2eq emission data were observed at the burning, the results varied only 10%, but when the results were analyzed through the well-to-tank, this variation rose to 52%.
Keywords
Biodiesel, Renewable Sources, Bioenergy, Modeling, MoMo, Biodiesel, Fontes Renováveis, Bionergia, Modelagem, MoMo