Metformina y gliburida en el tratamiento de la diabetes gestacional
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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Introducción: La diabetes gestacional es una alteración de la tolerancia a la glucosa de severidad variable reconocida por primera vez en el embarazo en curso. La insulina ha sido el tratamiento farmacológico estándar para la diabetes gestacional, sin embargo la metformina y la gliburida son alternativas terapéuticas para el control de la glicemia. Objetivo: Determinar las ventajas de la metformina y la gliburida sobre la insulina en el tratamiento de la diabetes gestacional. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos Medline (PubMed) y Scielo. Los términos DeCS utilizados fueron: “Diabetes Gestacional”, “Gliburida”, y “Metformina” en diferentes combinaciones; sus homólogos MeSH fueron: “Diabetes, Gestational”, “Glyburide” y “Metformin”. La búsqueda obtenida incluyó 130 artículos, de los cuáles fueron seleccionados 53. Resultados: La gliburida es un medicamento categoría C en el embarazo. Sus concentraciones en cordón umbilical son insignificantes y es considerado seguro. Su tasa de éxito para lograr el control de la glicemia c varía del 79% al 86%. La metformina es un medicamento categoría B en el embarazo. No ha mostrado efectos teratógenos en el primer trimestre del embarazo y logra un control de la glicemia en 24 horas. Conclusiones: La metformina y la gliburida logran valores de control de glicemia en diabetes gestacional similares a la insulina y no aumentan la teratogénesis en el primer trimestre del embarazo. Las complicaciones perinatales por su uso deben ser más estudiadas. MÉD UIS. 2015;28(3):337-43.
Palabras clave: Diabetes gestacional. Metformina. Gliburida.
Introduction: Gestational diabetes is an impaired glucose tolerance of variable severity first recognized in the current pregnancy. Insulin has been the standard drug treatment for gestational diabetes, however metformin and glyburide are therapeutic alternatives to control glycemia. Objective: Determine the advantages of metformin and glyburide over insulin in the treatment of gestational diabetes. Materials and methods: A systematic research was performed in the databases Medline (PubMed) and Scielo. The DeCS terms used were: “Diabetes Gestacional”, “Gliburida”, and “Metformina” in different combinations; MeSH counterparts were: “Diabetes, Gestational”, “Glyburide” and “Metformin”. The search obtained covered 130 articles, of which 53 were selected. Results: Glyburide is a category Cdrug in pregnancy. Their concentrations in umbilical cord are insignificant and is considered safe. Its success rate to achieve glycemic control ranges from 79% to 86%. Metformin is a category B drug in pregnancy. It has shown no teratogenic effects in the first trimester of pregnancy. It achieves glycemic control in 24 hours. Conclusions: Metformin and glyburide achieved glycemic control values in gestational diabetes similar to insulin. They do not increase the teratogenesis in the first trimester of pregnancy. Perinatal complications from its use should be more studied. MÉD UIS. 2015;28(3):337-43.
Introduction: Gestational diabetes is an impaired glucose tolerance of variable severity first recognized in the current pregnancy. Insulin has been the standard drug treatment for gestational diabetes, however metformin and glyburide are therapeutic alternatives to control glycemia. Objective: Determine the advantages of metformin and glyburide over insulin in the treatment of gestational diabetes. Materials and methods: A systematic research was performed in the databases Medline (PubMed) and Scielo. The DeCS terms used were: “Diabetes Gestacional”, “Gliburida”, and “Metformina” in different combinations; MeSH counterparts were: “Diabetes, Gestational”, “Glyburide” and “Metformin”. The search obtained covered 130 articles, of which 53 were selected. Results: Glyburide is a category Cdrug in pregnancy. Their concentrations in umbilical cord are insignificant and is considered safe. Its success rate to achieve glycemic control ranges from 79% to 86%. Metformin is a category B drug in pregnancy. It has shown no teratogenic effects in the first trimester of pregnancy. It achieves glycemic control in 24 hours. Conclusions: Metformin and glyburide achieved glycemic control values in gestational diabetes similar to insulin. They do not increase the teratogenesis in the first trimester of pregnancy. Perinatal complications from its use should be more studied. MÉD UIS. 2015;28(3):337-43.
Keywords
Diabetes gestational, Metformin, Glyburide, Diabetes gestacional, Metformina, Gliburida