Numerical model of solar drying of apples from Nuevo Colón-Boyacá
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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El secado de frutales caducifolios, como las manzanas, es un proceso en el cual se disminuye la cantidad de humedad contenida dentro del fruto. Además, se busca prolongar el tiempo en el que conserven propiedades organolépticas, físicas y químicas actas para el consumo humano, también este proceso tiene por objeto disminuir los desperdicios y generar una economía rentable en empresas agrícolas productoras de alimentos deshidratados. Según los estándares nacionales, en Colombia se pierde y se desperdicia el 58 % de las frutas y las verduras (6,1 millones de toneladas), mientras que en el mundo el promedio está en 45 % [1]. En Colombia, la región que tiene el mayor nivel de participación en la pérdida nacional es la Centro-oriental (Cundinamarca, Santander, Norte de Santander y Boyacá) con una participación del 1 millón de toneladas entre frutas y verduras. Este proyecto busca realizar una simulación del proceso de transferencia de calor presente en un secador solar de manzanas. En el proceso de secado de frutas intervienen diversas variables físicas, como la temperatura, la velocidad del aire, la humedad de la fruta, el tiempo de secado [12] y para garantizar una calidad óptima en la fruta se deben controlar dichas variables, los fenómenos de transferencia de calor a utilizar son: la convección de calor producida en el aire con los sólidos, la radiación del sol, y la conducción entre los sólidos que componen la estructura de un equipo secador. Existen diversos softwares que facilitan la elaboración de esta simulación como: Matlab o Python. Finalmente se presentan los resultados de las simulaciones realizadas para que con ellas se pueda continuar con el proceso de diseño del secador.
The drying of fruits such as apples is a process in wich the amount of moisture is decreased. Furtheremore this process looks for to prolong the time wich the fruits preserve organolectic, physical and chemical properties for human consumption, this process also aims to reduce waste and generate a profitable economy in agricultural companies producing dehydrated foods. According to national standards, 58 % of fruits and vegetables are lost and wasted in Colombia, while in the world the average is 45 % [1]. In Colombia, the region with the highest level of participation in the national loss is the Central Eastern (Cundinamarca, Santander, Norte de Santander and Boyacá) with one million tons. This project seeks to simulate the heat transfer process in a solar apple dryer. In the fruit drying process, various physical variables are involved, such as temperature, air velocity, fruit moisture, drying time [12]. In order to guarantee an optimal quality in the fruit, these variables must be controlled, the heat transfer phenomena to be used are: the convection of heat produced in the air with the solids, the radiation of the sun, and the conduction between the solids of the structure of a dryer equipment. There are several software that facilitate the elaboration of this simulation as: Matlab or Python. Finally the results of the simulations are presented. With these results you can continue with the dryer design process.
The drying of fruits such as apples is a process in wich the amount of moisture is decreased. Furtheremore this process looks for to prolong the time wich the fruits preserve organolectic, physical and chemical properties for human consumption, this process also aims to reduce waste and generate a profitable economy in agricultural companies producing dehydrated foods. According to national standards, 58 % of fruits and vegetables are lost and wasted in Colombia, while in the world the average is 45 % [1]. In Colombia, the region with the highest level of participation in the national loss is the Central Eastern (Cundinamarca, Santander, Norte de Santander and Boyacá) with one million tons. This project seeks to simulate the heat transfer process in a solar apple dryer. In the fruit drying process, various physical variables are involved, such as temperature, air velocity, fruit moisture, drying time [12]. In order to guarantee an optimal quality in the fruit, these variables must be controlled, the heat transfer phenomena to be used are: the convection of heat produced in the air with the solids, the radiation of the sun, and the conduction between the solids of the structure of a dryer equipment. There are several software that facilitate the elaboration of this simulation as: Matlab or Python. Finally the results of the simulations are presented. With these results you can continue with the dryer design process.
Keywords
Solar energy, fruit dryer, numerical simulation, Energía solar, secador de frutas, simulación numérica