Aprendizaje cooperativo soportado por computador basado en el método jigsaw
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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Actualmente, la educación en línea ha ganado mucha importancia como apoyo a la educación tradicional (aprendizaje mixto) y a distancia. Las técnicas que más se usan en estos ambientes se basan en el aprendizaje autónomo (individualista), competitivo, y en algunos casos, en aprendizaje colaborativo (usando salas de discusión, foros, intercambio de archivos, entre otros). Por otra parte, se ha comprobado que el desempeño académico y el desarrollo de las habilidades sociales de los individuos que aprenden en situaciones cooperativas son mejores que cuando lo hacen en situaciones individualistas y competitivas. Es por esta razón que resulta importante desarrollar servicios computacionales basados en métodos "reales" de aprendizaje cooperativo (cuyos buenos resultados en la educación tradicional ya han sido comprobados), para, posteriormente, realizar experimentos que validen el uso de esos servicios, observando como los estudiantes adquieren los conocimientos y desarrollan sus habilidades académico-sociales. Esta investigación seleccionó el método Jigsaw para realizar dicha validación, presentando las fases que ayudan al desarrollo de una actividad cooperativa basada en este método, un ambiente computacional que soporta estas actividades y los resultados de tres experimentos.
At the present time, on-line education has gained a lot of importance like support to the traditional education (blended learning) and the education at a distance. The techniques more used in these environments are based on autonomous learning (individualist), competitive, and in some cases, in collaborative learning (using chats, forums, files interchange, among other). On the other hand, it has been proved that the academic acting and the development of the social abilities of the individuals that they learn in cooperative situations are better than when they are made in individualistic and competitive situations. It's for this reason that it is important to develop computer services based on real methods of cooperative learning (whose best results in the traditional education have already been proven), later, it's necessary to make experiments that validate the use of those services, observing how the students acquire the knowledge and develop their academic-social abilities. This investigation selected the Jigsaw method to carry out this validation, showing the phases that help to the development of a cooperative activity based on this method, a computer environment that supports these activities and the results of three experiments.
At the present time, on-line education has gained a lot of importance like support to the traditional education (blended learning) and the education at a distance. The techniques more used in these environments are based on autonomous learning (individualist), competitive, and in some cases, in collaborative learning (using chats, forums, files interchange, among other). On the other hand, it has been proved that the academic acting and the development of the social abilities of the individuals that they learn in cooperative situations are better than when they are made in individualistic and competitive situations. It's for this reason that it is important to develop computer services based on real methods of cooperative learning (whose best results in the traditional education have already been proven), later, it's necessary to make experiments that validate the use of those services, observing how the students acquire the knowledge and develop their academic-social abilities. This investigation selected the Jigsaw method to carry out this validation, showing the phases that help to the development of a cooperative activity based on this method, a computer environment that supports these activities and the results of three experiments.
Keywords
Cooperative Learning, CSCL, Jigsaw, computer support cooperative learning, Aprendizaje Cooperativo, CSCL, aprendizaje cooperativo soportado por computadora, jigsaw