Adherencia terapéutica de pacientes con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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Introducción: Existen múltiples métodos o instrumentos para medir adherencia, la mayoría de ellos enfocados en la toma de medicamentos. Sin embargo, también es importante evaluar otros aspectos relacionados con el cumplimiento del régimen terapéutico en pacientes con hipertensión y diabetes mellitus como, la dieta, el ejercicio y otras recomendaciones dadas por los profesionales de la salud para controlar la enfermedad y evitar su progreso. Objetivo: Determinar y describir el nivel de adherencia al régimen terapéutico en pacientes con hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal analítico, realizado en pacientes de dos programas de riesgo cardiovascular. La adherencia fue medida con la etiqueta de resultado de enfermería “Conducta terapéutica: enfermedad o lesión (1609)”. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo del nivel de adherencia y adicionalmente analítico estratificando por edad, sexo y enfermedad que padece. Resultados: Se incluyeron 500 pacientes para este estudio. La mediana de edad fue de 68 años y el 69.0% eran mujeres. El promedio general de adherencia fue de 3.11±0.4 puntos. Cinco de doce indicadores se ubicaron en las categorías de nunca y raramente demostrado. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al estratificar edad, sexo y enfermedad (p=0.629, p=0.396 y p=0.535, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Se estableció un promedio general de la adherencia al régimen terapéutico de a veces demostrada, con cinco indicadores bastante comprometidos. Evaluar el nivel adherencia con este instrumento permite identificar las áreas de menor cumplimento con el propósito que el personal de enfermería pueda orientar su plan de cuidados.
Introduction: Several methods or instruments exist for measuring adherence, and most of them focused on medication intake. However, it is also important to assess other aspects related to compliance with therapeutic regimen in hypertension and type-2 diabetes patients, such as diet, exercise, and other recommendations by health professionals to control disease and avoid its progress. Objective: To determine and describe level of adherence to therapeutic regimen in hypertension and type-2 diabetes patients. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in patients of two cardiovascular risk programs. Adherence was measured through the nursing outcomes label “Therapeutic behavior: illness or injury (1609)”. A descriptive analysis of adherence level, including stratifications by age, sex and disease, was carried out. Results: A total 500 patients were included. Median age was 68 years and 69.0% were women. General mean adherence level was 3.11±0.4 points. Five of twelve indicators were among the never-and-rarely-demonstrated categories. No statistically significant differences were found when stratifying age, sex and disease (p-value=0.629, p-value=0.396 and p-value=0.535, respectively). Conclusions: A general average level of adherence to therapeutic regimen in the category sometimes demonstrated was established with five indicators showing high compromise levels. Evaluation of adherence level with this instrument allows identification of areas with low compliance so that professional nursing staf f can guide their care plans
Introduction: Several methods or instruments exist for measuring adherence, and most of them focused on medication intake. However, it is also important to assess other aspects related to compliance with therapeutic regimen in hypertension and type-2 diabetes patients, such as diet, exercise, and other recommendations by health professionals to control disease and avoid its progress. Objective: To determine and describe level of adherence to therapeutic regimen in hypertension and type-2 diabetes patients. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in patients of two cardiovascular risk programs. Adherence was measured through the nursing outcomes label “Therapeutic behavior: illness or injury (1609)”. A descriptive analysis of adherence level, including stratifications by age, sex and disease, was carried out. Results: A total 500 patients were included. Median age was 68 years and 69.0% were women. General mean adherence level was 3.11±0.4 points. Five of twelve indicators were among the never-and-rarely-demonstrated categories. No statistically significant differences were found when stratifying age, sex and disease (p-value=0.629, p-value=0.396 and p-value=0.535, respectively). Conclusions: A general average level of adherence to therapeutic regimen in the category sometimes demonstrated was established with five indicators showing high compromise levels. Evaluation of adherence level with this instrument allows identification of areas with low compliance so that professional nursing staf f can guide their care plans
Keywords
Medication adherence, patient compliance, hypertension, Diabetes mellitus type 2, nursing assessment, secondary prevention, Cumplimiento de la medicación, hipertensión, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, evaluación en enfermería, prevención secundaria