Legislation of local cultural heritage in Brazil: reflections based on the Municipal Basic Information Survey (Munic)
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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A la luz de la Constitución federal de 1988, que establece competencias legislativas y de protección del patrimonio cultural a las entidades que integran el poder público, este trabajo tiene como objetivo contribuir a la reflexión sobre el campo normativo del patrimonio cultural municipal en Brasil, temática poco estudiada en el país. Permite una lectura del papel de los municipios en la gestión y preservación del patrimonio cultural, a partir de un análisis tanto de coyuntura, basado en el trabajo de investigadores sobre las políticas de cultura y patrimonio cultural brasileño, como de los datos proporcionados en la Encuesta de Información Básica Municipal (Munic), realizada por el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadísticas (IBGE) en 2006, 2009, 2012, 2014 y 2018. Aunque el presente artículo trata sobre el patrimonio local, plantea presentar un panorama general del proceso de planificación y establecimiento de las políticas patrimoniales brasileñas a nivel nacional y demuestra su impacto, a veces positivo a veces negativo, en las municipalidades. Finalmente, el análisis demuestra que tanto la legislación como las políticas patrimoniales sufrieron cambios profundos a lo largo de los años que, en un movimiento pendular, puntuaron fallas y retrocesos; que hubo y hay una gran disparidad entre los municipios y lo cuánto todavía han de hacer.
From the legislative responsibility and cultural heritage protection inferred to the entities that make up the public power by the Federal Constitution of 1988, this work aims to contribute to the reflection on the regulatory field of municipal cultural heritage in Brazil, a topic that has been little studied in the country. Allows a reading of the role of municipalities in the management and preservation of cultural heritage, from a conjunctural analysis, based on the work of researchers on culture and cultural heritage policies, and the data provided in the Basic Information Survey Municipal (Munic), carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2006, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2018. Although this article deals with local heritage, it proposes to present an overview of the process of planning and implementing policies assets at the national level and demonstrates its impact, sometimes positive and sometimes negative, on the municipalities. Finally, the analysis shows that both legislation and heritage policy have undergone profound changes over the years that, in a pendular movement, punctuated failures and setbacks; that there was and there is a great disparity between the municipalities and how much they still need to do.
From the legislative responsibility and cultural heritage protection inferred to the entities that make up the public power by the Federal Constitution of 1988, this work aims to contribute to the reflection on the regulatory field of municipal cultural heritage in Brazil, a topic that has been little studied in the country. Allows a reading of the role of municipalities in the management and preservation of cultural heritage, from a conjunctural analysis, based on the work of researchers on culture and cultural heritage policies, and the data provided in the Basic Information Survey Municipal (Munic), carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2006, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2018. Although this article deals with local heritage, it proposes to present an overview of the process of planning and implementing policies assets at the national level and demonstrates its impact, sometimes positive and sometimes negative, on the municipalities. Finally, the analysis shows that both legislation and heritage policy have undergone profound changes over the years that, in a pendular movement, punctuated failures and setbacks; that there was and there is a great disparity between the municipalities and how much they still need to do.
Keywords
Cultural Heritage, Cultural Legislation, Brazil, Municipalities, Cultural Policies, State, Patrimonio Cultural, Legislación cultural, Brasil, Municipalidades, Políticas Culturales, Estado