120° ANIVERSARIO DE LA SISMOLOGÍA EN BULGARIA: HITOS, DESARROLLO Y LOGROS
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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El territorio de Bulgaria está situado en la parte oriental de la península de los Balcanes, al sureste de Europa, siendo una parte del cinturón sísmico Alpes-Himalaya. Las ciudades más importantes de Bulgaria se encuentran en las inmediaciones de las fallas activas del Neógeno-Cuaternario. Debido a estas circunstancias, el monitoreo organizado de terremotos, así como el desarrollo de la práctica sismológica inició en Bulgaria a fnales del siglo XIX. La fundación de la sismología en Bulgaria ocurrió en 1891 por el meteorólogo y también el primer sismólogo búlgaro Spas Watzof, posteriormente honrado con rango académico. Spas Watzof fundó y organizó un servicio bien direccionado para la observación regular de los efectos co-sismicos y pro-sísmicos de los terremotos. Poco después, en 1903, Bulgaria fue aceptada como miembro de la Asociación Sismológica Internacional - ISA (predecesora de la Asociación Internacional de Sismología y Física del Interior de la Tierra - IASPEI). Es importante anotar que expertos extranjeros demostraron interés científco en casos de fuertes terremotos que tuvieron lugar en el territorio búlgaro a inicios del siglo XX (Hörnes, 1904; Grablovitz, 1904; Mihailovich, 1933; Richter, 1958), así como en el uso de registros instrumentales hechos en Bulgaria por sus descubrimientos revolucionarios (Reid, 1910; Mohorovicic, 1910). Actualmente, Bulgaria participa en actividades internacionales en el marco de la Comisión Sismológica Europea (ESC) – una comisión regional de la IASPEI, la Federación Internacional de Redes Digitales de Sismógrafos (FDSN), La Sociedad Geofísica Balcánica y la Organización Integral de Tratados de Prohibición de Pruebas Nucleares (CTBTO). La sismología en Bulgaria celebra su 120oaniversario y es razonable que los resultados de los estudios realizados en este periodo tan largo y publicado en revistas y monografías internacionales y búlgaras sea resumido y presentados aquí. Se presenta cronológicamente el resumen de hitos, desarrollos y logros en el campo de la Macrosismología, Sismología Instrumental y Geodinámica en Bulgaria. El documento trata también de difundir más efectivamente la información científca búlgara más allá de sus fronteras e igualmente divulgar algunas peculiaridades y fenómenos sísmicos de la parte centro-oriental de la península Balcánica.
The territory of Bulgaria is situated in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, South-Eastern Europe, being a part of the Alpo-Himalayan seismic belt. The most important cities in Bulgaria lie in the vicinity of Neogene-Quaternary active faults. Due to these circumstances organized monitoring of earthquakes as well as development of seismological practice started in Bulgaria at the end of 19th century. The foundation of seismology in Bulgaria was laid in 1891 by the meteorologist and also the frst Bulgarian seismologist Spas Watzof, later honored with academic rank. Spas Watzof founded and organized a well managed service for regular observation of co-seismic and post-seismic effects of earthquakes. Soon after, in 1903, Bulgaria was accepted as a member of the International Seismological Association (the predecessor of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior - IASPEI). It should be noted that foreign experts demonstrated scientifc interest in cases of strong earthquakes that took place on the territory of Bulgaria in the beginning of 20thcentury (Hörnes, 1904; Grablovitz, 1904; Mihailovich, 1933; Richter, 1958) as well as on using instrumental records made in Bulgaria for their revolutionary discoveries (Reid, 1910; Mohorovicic, 1910). At present Bulgaria participates in international activities in the frames of the EuropeanSeismological Commission (ESC) – a regional commission of the IASPEI, the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN), the Balkan Geophysical Society and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). On occasion of the 120thanniversary of the seismology in Bulgaria it is reasonably the results of studies covering such a long period and published in international and Bulgarian journals and monographs to be summarized and presented herein. The summary of the milestones, development and achievements in the feld of Macroseismology, Instrumental seismology and Geodynamics in Bulgaria is chronologically presented. The paper aims also to spread more effectively the Bulgarian scientifc information abroad as well as to popularize some seismic peculiarities and phenomena in the central-eastern Balkan Peninsula.
The territory of Bulgaria is situated in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, South-Eastern Europe, being a part of the Alpo-Himalayan seismic belt. The most important cities in Bulgaria lie in the vicinity of Neogene-Quaternary active faults. Due to these circumstances organized monitoring of earthquakes as well as development of seismological practice started in Bulgaria at the end of 19th century. The foundation of seismology in Bulgaria was laid in 1891 by the meteorologist and also the frst Bulgarian seismologist Spas Watzof, later honored with academic rank. Spas Watzof founded and organized a well managed service for regular observation of co-seismic and post-seismic effects of earthquakes. Soon after, in 1903, Bulgaria was accepted as a member of the International Seismological Association (the predecessor of the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior - IASPEI). It should be noted that foreign experts demonstrated scientifc interest in cases of strong earthquakes that took place on the territory of Bulgaria in the beginning of 20thcentury (Hörnes, 1904; Grablovitz, 1904; Mihailovich, 1933; Richter, 1958) as well as on using instrumental records made in Bulgaria for their revolutionary discoveries (Reid, 1910; Mohorovicic, 1910). At present Bulgaria participates in international activities in the frames of the EuropeanSeismological Commission (ESC) – a regional commission of the IASPEI, the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN), the Balkan Geophysical Society and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO). On occasion of the 120thanniversary of the seismology in Bulgaria it is reasonably the results of studies covering such a long period and published in international and Bulgarian journals and monographs to be summarized and presented herein. The summary of the milestones, development and achievements in the feld of Macroseismology, Instrumental seismology and Geodynamics in Bulgaria is chronologically presented. The paper aims also to spread more effectively the Bulgarian scientifc information abroad as well as to popularize some seismic peculiarities and phenomena in the central-eastern Balkan Peninsula.
Keywords
Bulgaria, seismotectonics, macroseismology, historical seismology, instrumental seismology, seismic hazard, regional and world geodynamics., Bulgaria, sismotectónica, macrosismología, sismología histórica, sismología instrumental, amenaza sísmica, geodinámica regional y mundial