A PROPÓSITO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CIUDADANÍA EN COLOMBIA: Las ideas liberales a comienzos del siglo XX, entre la represión y la leyenda negra.
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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A PROPÓSITO DE LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE CIUDADANÍA EN COLOMBIA: Las ideas liberales a comienzos del siglo XX, entre la represión y la leyenda negra RESUMENEste escrito analiza la situación de las ideas liberales en torno al individuo, el Estado de Derecho, las libertades ciudadanas y la democracia, en la Colombia de comienzos del siglo XX, donde la llamada “Hegemonía Conservadora”, la Regeneración y la Constitución de 1886, habían establecido un Estado corporativo, centralista y clerical que difería de los principios del liberalismo político de defensa a ultranza del individuo, de su intimidad y su derecho a ser libre de pensamiento y conciencia. De paso, también hay una reflexión sobre la situación compleja y amenazante que tuvo el ideario demoliberal en Occidente en el llamado periodo entre guerras (1918-1939) debido al ascenso de los Totalitarismos europeos. Finalmente, tras establecer una analogía entre la situación del liberalismo en Colombia y Europa en las primeras décadas del siglo pasado, se rescata el papel de los liberales colombianos en los años treinta, caso de Enrique Olaya Herrera, pero sobre todo Alfonso López Pumarejo quien en calidad de presidente de Colombia (1934-1938) adelantó una agenda pública fundamentada en la “Revolución en Marcha” y la Reforma Constitucional de 1936, que posibilitó “reintroducir” al país principios liberales fundamentales que llevarían a la postre a la experiencia del Estado Social de Derecho.Palabras clave: liberalismo, democracia, Estado de derecho, reforma constitucional, reforma agraria, individuo, intervencionismo, etc.
ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the situation of liberal ideas around the individual, the rule of law, civil liberties and democracy in Colombia in the early twentieth century, where the “conservative hegemony”, Regeneration and the Constitution 1886, had established a corporate state, centralist and clerical which differed from the principles of political liberalism outward defense of the individual, his privacy and his right to freedom of thought and conscience. The text also instills a a reflection on the complex and threatening situation that the demo-liberal ideology in the West in the so-called inter-war period (1918-1939) due to the rise of European totalitarianism. Finally, after establishing an analogy between the situation of liberalism in Colombia and Europe in the early decades of the last century, the text describes the role of Colombian Liberals in the thirties, e.g. Enrique Olaya Herrera, but above all howAlfonso Lopez Pumarejo as president of Colombia (1934-1938) put forward a public agenda based on the “Revolution in Motion” and the Constitutional Reform of 1936, which gave way to the “reintroduction” of fundamental liberal principles to the country, which would lead ultimately to the experience of the Welfare State under the rule of law. Key words: liberalism, democracy, rule of law, constitutional reform, land reform, individual intervention, etc.
ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the situation of liberal ideas around the individual, the rule of law, civil liberties and democracy in Colombia in the early twentieth century, where the “conservative hegemony”, Regeneration and the Constitution 1886, had established a corporate state, centralist and clerical which differed from the principles of political liberalism outward defense of the individual, his privacy and his right to freedom of thought and conscience. The text also instills a a reflection on the complex and threatening situation that the demo-liberal ideology in the West in the so-called inter-war period (1918-1939) due to the rise of European totalitarianism. Finally, after establishing an analogy between the situation of liberalism in Colombia and Europe in the early decades of the last century, the text describes the role of Colombian Liberals in the thirties, e.g. Enrique Olaya Herrera, but above all howAlfonso Lopez Pumarejo as president of Colombia (1934-1938) put forward a public agenda based on the “Revolution in Motion” and the Constitutional Reform of 1936, which gave way to the “reintroduction” of fundamental liberal principles to the country, which would lead ultimately to the experience of the Welfare State under the rule of law. Key words: liberalism, democracy, rule of law, constitutional reform, land reform, individual intervention, etc.