Strength of stainless steel slender beams under concentrated loads by finite elements
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Universidad Industrial de Santander
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El uso de acero inoxidable en estructuras ha cobrado fuerza en los últimos años debido a su gran relación costo-beneficio en el tiempo, brindando una gran protección a la corrosión, resistencia al fuego y una resistencia a la fluencia mayor que la brindada por los aceros estructurales de uso común en la industria. A pesar de este incremento en su uso todavía existe cierto grado de incertidumbre y desconocimiento de sus aplicaciones, pues los códigos de diseño de acero enfocan su atención en el acero estructural. Por lo tanto, en el presente trabajo se reportan los resultados del estudio numérico de vigas esbeltas de acero inoxidable utilizado en puentes, sometidos a carga concentrada con el objeto de aumentar el estado del arte de esta aplicación en particular. Un modelo por elementos finitos es construido tomando en cuenta el comportamiento no lineal del material y las imperfecciones iniciales (deflexiones en el alma y esfuerzos residuales). El modelo es validado utilizando data experimental encontrada en la literatura, empleando el software comercial MSC.Marc. Posteriormente se realiza un estudio paramétrico de la influencia de la relación de espesores (tf / tw) y relación de zona de carga - largo de viga (ss/a) en la resistencia última. Finalmente, se obtiene que el uso del acero inoxidable presenta ventajas en su comportamiento post-crítico respecto a paneles geométricamente similares de acero estructural, permitiendo la optimización estructural de vigas esbeltas para puentes.
The use of stainless steel in structures has gained momentum in recent years due to its good cost-benefit over time, protection to corrosion, fire resistance and creep resistance greater than that provided by structural steel commonly used in industry. Despite this increase in use there is still some degree of uncertainty and lack of knowledge regarding their application, as steel design codes focus on structural steel. Therefore, the present work reports the results of the numerical study of thin stainless steel beams used in bridges, subjected to concentrated loads, in order to increase the state of the art of this particular application. A finite element model is constructed taking into account the non-linear behavior of the material and the initial imperfections (deflections in the web and residual stresses). The model is validated using experimental data found in the literature, using commercial software MSC.Marc. Then, a parametric study of the influence of the thickness ratio (tf / tw) and load area – length of beam ratio (ss / a) on the ultimate strength is performed. Finally, it is obtained that the use of the stainless steel presents advantages in its post-critical behavior with respect to geometrically similar panels of structural steel, allowing the structural optimization of slender beams for bridges.
The use of stainless steel in structures has gained momentum in recent years due to its good cost-benefit over time, protection to corrosion, fire resistance and creep resistance greater than that provided by structural steel commonly used in industry. Despite this increase in use there is still some degree of uncertainty and lack of knowledge regarding their application, as steel design codes focus on structural steel. Therefore, the present work reports the results of the numerical study of thin stainless steel beams used in bridges, subjected to concentrated loads, in order to increase the state of the art of this particular application. A finite element model is constructed taking into account the non-linear behavior of the material and the initial imperfections (deflections in the web and residual stresses). The model is validated using experimental data found in the literature, using commercial software MSC.Marc. Then, a parametric study of the influence of the thickness ratio (tf / tw) and load area – length of beam ratio (ss / a) on the ultimate strength is performed. Finally, it is obtained that the use of the stainless steel presents advantages in its post-critical behavior with respect to geometrically similar panels of structural steel, allowing the structural optimization of slender beams for bridges.
Keywords
Slender beams, concentrated load, stainless steel, ultimate strength, Vigas esbeltas, carga concentrada, acero inoxidable, elementos finitos, resistencia última